Old and New Diplomacy .

Diplomacy is a phenomenon which citizens play a greater role in impacting internal relations.Actually it is a process of communication and negotiation in the world politics and an important foreign policy instruments used by global actors.
While the convention and machinery of diplomacy have evolved over a long historical period the introduction of diplomatic system began in the ancient world but took a recognizable modern form from the fifteen century onwards with the establishment of the permanent embassy.
A traditional diplomatic system was developed thereafter distinguished from from the ancient and medieval worlds as it constituted a communication process between recognised modern states and for relation and negotiation on regular bases,given the distance involved,diplomats were sent a broad for this state based activity.This mission was institutionalized and eventually professionalized.This was purely on bilateral bases and undertaken by secrecy through embassies on a state-to-state basis with the diplomats representing their countries and able to conduct their business without obstruction or fear. Traditional diplomacy reached its most developed form and most effective system for ordering international relations and this is the period know as century of peace.
A new form of diplomacy was needed as the successful traditional diplomacy which promoted stability,order and peace in the nineteen-century Europe failed to prevent the first world war.The first world war was a watershed in the history of diplomacy.The perceived failure of diplomacy to prevent this war led to a 'new diplomacy' as there was a demand it should be open to public scrutiny and control. The structure of the new diplomacy remained similar to the old diplomacy to the extent that the states and governments remained the major actors in the system with well established embassies abroad attached to foreign departments locally. States are no longer the only actors but share the stage with intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations.The state changed from the night watchman to the welfare state.
The new diplomacy is being used to address many issues such as human rights(e.g campaign to end South African apartheid and the save Darfur campaign),humanitarian assistance,lobar rights,environmental issues, and fair trade.The changing interest of states as international actors and the growing number of non-stae actors involved changed nature of the new diplomacy as a process of negotiation.The outbreak of the second world war revealed the limits ot the' new' diplomacy.
Diplomacy was delicate and dangerous during the cold war when international relation were dominated by a global confrontaion between superpowers and their allies and the need to avoid a nuclear war but also to win the cold war.Also the war against terrorism has posed a major challenge to the role of diplomacy in global politics which framed within a debate about the appropriate relationship between hard and soft instrument of power.Even the most powerful states are no longer the only significant international actors.Bilaterial state-to-state diplomacy has been increasingly supplemented by multilateral form of diplomacy.


Bibliography

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